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mised health. For most modern Americans, the  Mark McAfee is co-founder of Organic Pastures,
                              competitive advantage of raw milk consumption  the world’s largest organic raw milk dairy. Mark
                              has never been a reality, and raw milk’s immune-  founded the Raw Milk Institute (RAWMI) in
                              building properties and microbiome-friendly  2011 to assist farmers in producing very low
                              traits have been largely forgotten. Instead, we  risk raw milk through farmer training, raw milk
                              live in the age of biome-destructive pharmaceu-  Risk Analysis & Management Plans (“RAMP”),
                              ticals and antibiotics. Although life-saving in  test standards for raw milk and ongoing testing.
                              certain applications, these drugs also depress and
                              damage the immune system and gut microbiome.  Sarah Smith is a director and board secretary for
                              Antibiotic resistance is now responsible for the  the Raw Milk Institute (RAWMI). Sarah is also
                              deaths of tens of thousands of people every year  a homeopathic practitioner, homesteader, food
                              in the U.S. alone.  Furthermore, pasteurized  and health writer (NourishedandNurturedLife.
                                             15
                              milk is now recognized as difficult to digest and  com) and homeschooling mother of two.
                              a top food allergen.
                                 Fortunately safe raw milk has been redis-  REFERENCES
                              covered by those who study history and know
                              the role of raw milk as a nourishing whole food   1.   Weitzel EM, Codding BF. Population growth as a driver of
                                                                           initial domestication in Eastern North America. R Soc Open
                              that contributes to a strong, healthy immune   Sci. 2016;3(8):160319.
                              system and healthy gut microbiome. That   2.   Helmer D, Vigne JD. Was milk a “secondary product”
                                                                           in the Old World Neolithisation process? Its role in the
                              competitive advantage from thousands of years   domestication of cattle, sheep and goats. Anthropozoologica.
                              ago is being rekindled in people who consume   3.   2007;42(2):9-40.
                                                                           Charlton S, Ramsøe A, Collins M, et al. New insights into
                              raw milk, fermented raw milk such as kefir and   Neolithic milk consumption through proteomic analysis
                              yogurt, and raw milk cheeses.                of dental calculus. Archaeological and Anthropological
                                                                           Sciences. 2019;11:6183–6196.
                                 Raw milk that is carefully and intention-  4.   Spiteri CD, Gillis RE, Roffet-Salque R, et al. Regional
                              ally produced for direct human consumption   asynchronicity in dairy production and processing in early
                                                                           farming communities of the northern Mediterranean. Proc
                              is wholly different from milk being produced   Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016;113(48):13594-13599.
                              for pasteurization. Organizations such as the   5.   Zeder M. Domestication and early agriculture in the
                                                                           Mediterranean Basin: Origins, diffusion, and impact. Proc
                              Raw Milk Institute and the British Columbia   Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008;105(33):11597-11604.
                              Herdshare Association mentor farmers in the   6.   Kindersley D. The Visual Dictionary of Ancient Civilizations.
                                                                           Stoddart, 1994.
                              production of low-risk raw milk, relying on   7.   Burger J, Kirchner M, Bramanti B, Haak M, Thomas
                              many of the natural methods that humans suc-  MG. Absence of the lactase-persistence-associated allele
                                                                           in early Neolithic Europeans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.
                              cessfully used for thousands of years while also   8.   2007;104(10):3736-3741.
                                                                           Dunne J, Rebay-Salisbury K, Salisbury RB, et al. Milk of
                              implementing modern technologies. Raw milk   ruminants in ceramic baby bottles from prehistoric child
                              farmers carefully manage the cleanliness and   9.   graves. Nature. 2019;574(7777):246-248.
                                                                           Salque M, Bogucki P, Pyzel J, et al. Earliest evidence for
                              hygiene of the farm from grass to the glass, with   cheese making in the sixth millennium BC in northern
                                                                           Europe. Nature. 2013;493(7433):522–525.
                              much care to ensure that the animals are healthy   10.  McCormick F. Cows, milk and religion: the use of
                              and the milk is clean. This type of raw milk is   dairy produce in early societies.  Anthropozoologica.
                              tested often and held to rigorous standards to   11.   2012;47(2):101-113.
                                                                           Goddess Hathor Suckling Amenhotep II. Egypt Museum
                              ensure that it is being produced in a way that   website. https://egypt-museum.com/post/181897574541/
                              discourages pathogen growth.                 hathor-suckling-amenhotep-ii#gsc.tab=0. Accessed
                                                                           7/15/2020.
                                 So the next time that someone says, “milk is   12.  Itan Y, Powell A, Beaumont MA, Burger J, Thomas MG.
                              for cows and not for humans,” share with them   The origins of lactase persistence in Europe. PLoS Comput
                                                                           Biol. 2009;5(8):e1000491.
                              the intricate link between civilization and raw   13.  Ranciaro A, Campbell MC, Hirbo JB, et al. Genetic origins
                              milk, and the competitive advantage that raw   of lactase persistence and the spread of pastoralism in Africa.
                                                                           Am J Hum Genet. 2014;94(4):496-510.
                              milk provided to humanity for ten thousand   14.  Heckman JR. Securing fresh food from fertile soil,
                              years. Many of these misinformed humans are   challenges to the organic and raw milk movements.
                                                                           Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems. 2019;34(5):472-
                              in dire need of gut microbiome rescue like never   485.
                              before. Reach out to them with love, compassion   15.  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. “More people in
                                                                           the United States dying from antibiotic-resistant infections
                              and humanity. They need our support, nourish-  than previously estimated.” https://www.cdc.gov/media/
                                                                           releases/2019/p1113-antibiotic-resistant.html. Accessed
                              ment and education.                          7/15/2020.
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