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so that our children and grandchildren can enjoy 17. Coulter, Vol. 2, 59, taken from Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, XXX (1844), 218.
healthy lives without wasting precious metabolic 18. Ibid., 83, taken from J.K. Mitchell, Impediments to the Study of Medicine (Philadelphia: T.K
and P. G. Collins, 1850), 2.
resources trying to eliminate this and the many 19. Shorter, Edward. “Primary Care,” The Cambridge History of Medicine, Roy Porter, ed. New
York: Cambridge University Press, 2006, 105.
other poisons of our modern world. The best solu- 20. Binger, Carl, M.D. Revolutionary Doctor: Benjamin Rush, 1746-1813. New York: W. W. Norton
tions are to teach them about the benets of real, & Co., 1966, 28.

unprocessed foods grown on rich, healthy soils; 21. Ibid., 34-35.
22. Ibid., 37.
environmentally friendly business practices; and 23. Ibid., 37-38.
healthy living in accordance with nature. In this 24. Coulter, Vol. 3, 55.
way, we can begin to reverse a trend that started 25. Ibid., 20.
26. Ibid., 39.
over 200 years ago and give our children the 27. Binger, 76.
future they deserve. 28. Ibid., 185.
29. Ibid., 180.
30. Ibid., 213.
31. Ibid.
Jennifer Schmid is a traditional naturopath who 32. Rush is also generally considered responsible for the death of George Washington, whom Rush
see clients at the Fourfold Healing Clinic in San bled and purged copiously during Washington’s last illness.
Francisco and at a private of ce in Los Altos, 33. Coulter, Vol. 3, 64.
34. Ibid., 63, taken from Eberle, John. A Treatise of the Materia Medica and Therapeutics. 2 vols.
CA. For more information about Jennifer, please Philadelphia: Webster, 1822 and 1823, 348.
visit her website at www.jenniferschmid.net. 35. Rothstein, William. American Physicians in the Nineteenth Century. Baltimore: The Johns
Hopkins University Press, 1972, 50-51.
36. Ibid., 126.
REFERENCES 37. Coulter, Vol. 3, 63.
1. Mintz, Morton. By Prescription Only. Boston: Houghton 38. Bethard, Wayne. Lotions, Potions, and Deadly Elixirs: Frontier Medicine in America. Lanham,
MD: Robert Rinehart Books, 2004, 111.
Mifin Co., 1967, x. 39. Steele, Volney, M.D. Bleed, Blister, and Purge: A History of Medicine on the American Frontier.

2. Coulter, Harris L. Divided Legacy: A History of the Schism in
Medical Thought, Vol. 3. Washington, DC: Wehawken Book Missoula, Montana: Mountain Press Publishing Co., 2005, 64.
Co., 1975, 64. 40. Ibid., 4.
3. http://glimmerdream.com/gemjourneys/cinnabar/history, 41. Ibid., 48-49. [N.B. One pill contained approximately 640 mg of mercury.]

42. Ibid., 78. Thomsonianism is named for Samuel Thomson, one of the rst American herbalists.
accessed February 1, 2008. 43. Rothstein, 52.
4. Between 1932 and the early 1970s, the Chisso Corporation
in Japan dumped into Minamata Bay at least 27 tons of 44. Coulter, Vol. 3, 65, taken from the Detroit Review of Medicine and Pharmacy, IX, 1874, 54-
56.
methyl mercury, which was being used in the production of 45. Ibid., 68.
acetyldehyde for plastics. At least 900 people died of mercury 46. Rothstein, 51, taken from John M. Scudder, The Eclectic Practice of Medicine (Cincinnati:
poisoning (“Minamata Disease”) and countless others were
injured and permanently disabled. Medical Publishing Co., 1870), revised ed., 338.
5. Osol, Arthur, and George Farrar, Jr. The Dispensatory of the 47. Ibid., 51.
48. Coulter, Vol. 2, 512-513.
United States of America, 25th Edition. Philadelphia: J.B. 49. Coulter, Vol. 3, 64.
Lippincott Co., 1955, 814-815.
6. Osol, Arthur, Robertson Pratt, and Mark Altschule. The United 50. Rothstein, 177.
51. Ibid.,180.
States Dispensatory and Physicians’ Pharmacology, 26th 52. Coulter, Vol. 3, 100-101.
Edition. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Co., 1967, 233-4. 53. Hahnemann, Samuel. Organon of the Medical Art. Wenda Brewster O’Reilly, ed. Palo Alto,
7. Coulter, Harris L. Divided Legacy: A History of the Schism
CA: Birdcage Books, 1996, 88.
in Medical Thought, Vol. 1, 387. See also Weatherall, Miles. 54. Ibid., 246.
“Drug Treatment and the Rise of Pharmacology,” The 55. Freemon, Frank. Gangrene and Glory: Medical Care during the American Civil War. Cranbury,
Cambridge History of Medicine, Roy Porter, ed. New York: NJ: Associated University Presses, 1998, 26.
Cambridge University Press, 2006.
8. Ibid., 413 (taken from S-M I/III 7. Von den ersten dreien 56. Steele, 114.
57. Coulter, Vol. 3, 402. According to Coulter, despite homeopathy’s popularity throughout the late
Principiis. Das V. Capitel). 1800s, the alliance formed by the AMA and the pharmaceutical companies in the 1880s and
9. Ibid., 350-1. 1890s against homeopathy caused “the destruction of homeopathic medical institutions and …
10. A more detailed look at the effects of calomel on the body

will come later in this paper. the disappearance of [homeopathy] as a signicant feature of American medicine.” This alliance
against drug-free practitioners persists today.
11. LaWall, Charles H. The Curious Lore of Drugs and Medicine 58. Freemon, 142.
(Four Thousand Years of Pharmacy). Garden City, NY: 59. Ibid., 145.
Garden City Publishing Co./J.B. Lippincott Co., 1927, 264. 60. Shorter, 120. See Joseph McDowell Mathews, How to Succeed in the Practice of Medicine
The use of calomel as a medicine was made legal in France
in 1666. (Philadelphia, 1905),133.
12. Ibid., 272. 61. Physicians’ Manual of Therapeutics. Detroit: Parke, Davis & Co, 1901 and 1909, and Hare,
Hobart A., A Text-book of Practical Therapeutics, Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1922, 344.
13. Coulter, Harris L. Divided Legacy: A History of the Schism in 62. Coulter, Vol. 3, 72-73.
Medical Thought, Vol. 2. Washington, DC: Wehawken Book
Co., 1975, 674. 63. Gandhi TK, Weingart SN, Borus J, et al. Adverse drug events in ambulatory care. New England
14. Cullen, William. Treatise of the Materia Medica. Volume 2. Journal of Medicine 348/16 (Apr 17, 2003), 1556-64; and Lazarou, Jason; Bruce H. Pomeranz,
MD, PhD; Paul N. Corey, PhD. Journal of the American Medical Association 279/16 (April 15,
New York: L. Nichols and Co., 1802, 253. 1998), 1200-1205.
15. Kent, Dr. James Tyler. Lectures on Homeopathic Philosophy.
Berkeley: North Atlantic Books, 1979, 140. 64. See Dr. Natasha Campbell McBride’s article, “Gut and Psychology Syndrome,” Wise Traditions,
16. Marks, Geoffrey, and William K. Beatty. The Story of Medi- VIII/4, Winter 2007.
cine in America. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1973,
228.
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