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The best way to beat antibiotic-resistant antibiotic resistome of lettuce leaves and radishes grown in soils receiving manure-based
bacteria is to protect and nourish the biodiverse 6. amendments derived from antibiotic-treated cows. Front Sustain Food Syst. 2019;3:22.
Pärnänen K, Karkman A, Hultman J et al. Maternal gut and breast milk microbiota affect infant
bacteria in the gut. You can do this by avoiding gut antibiotic resistome and mobile genetic elements. Nat Commun. 2018;9:3891.
antibiotics and processed foods, which damage 7. Ravindran S. Breastfeeding may help protect babies from antibiotic-resistant bacteria. SPLASH!
milk science update, January 2019. https://milkgenomics.org/article/breastfeeding-may-help-
the gut and immune system. 24,25 Instead, eat protect-babies-from-antibiotic-resistant-bacteria/.
plenty of whole foods such as raw milk, milk 8. Rockova S, Rada V, Marsik P et al . Growth of bifidobacteria and clostridia on human and cow
milk saccharides. Anaerobe. 2011;17(5):223-225.
kefir, grass-fed beef, eggs and fresh or fermented 9. McAfee M, Smith S. Immunity, the immune system, and raw milk. Raw Milk Institute, 2020.
https://www.rawmilkinstitute.org/updates/immunity-the-immune-system-and-raw-milk.
vegetables and fruits to feed the beneficial bac- 10. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. More people in the United States dying from
teria in the gut and allow them to thrive. 26 antibiotic-resistant infections than previously estimated [Press Release]. November 13, 2019.
https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2019/p1113-antibiotic-resistant.html.
11. Brandt LJ. Fecal transplantation for the treatment of Clostridium difficile infection.
Mark McAfee is co-founder of Organic Pastures, Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y). 2012;8(3):191-194.
the world’s largest organic raw milk dairy. Mark 12. Akst J. The influence of soil on immune health. The Scientist, January 8, 2020. https://www.
the-scientist.com/news-opinion/the-influence-of-soil-on-human-health-66885.
founded the Raw Milk Institute (RAWMI) in 13. Wells AD, Poole JA, Romberger DJ. Influence of farming exposure on the development of
asthma and asthma-like symptoms. Int Immunopharmacol. 2014;23(1):356-363.
2011 to assist farmers in producing very low- 14. Levi J. The Smoke-cured fermented milk of the Samburu. Presentation at Wise Traditions
risk raw milk through farmer training, raw milk London 2014, February 8-9. https://westonaprice.london/videos/samburu/.
Risk Analysis & Management Plans (“RAMP”), 15. Smith S. Udder preparation for raw milk. Raw Milk Institute, August 6, 2020. https://www.
rawmilkinstitute.org/updates/udder-preparation-for-raw-milk.
test standards for raw milk and ongoing testing. 16. Bourrie BCT, Willing BP, Cotter PD. The microbiota and health promoting characteristics of
the fermented beverage kefir. Front Microbiol. 2016;7:647.
17. Bellikci-Koyu E, Sarer-Yurekli BP, Akyon Y et al. Effects of regular kefir consumption on
Sarah Smith is a director and board secretary for gut microbiota in patients with metabolic syndrome: a parallel-group, randomized, controlled
study. Nutrients. 2019;11(9):2089.
the Raw Milk Institute (RAWMI). Sarah is also 18. Guzel-Seydim ZB, Kok-Tas T, Greene AK, Seydim AC. Review: functional properties of kefir.
a homeopathic practitioner, homesteader, food Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2011;51(3):261-268.
and health writer (NourishedandNurturedLife. 19. De Oliveira Leite AM, Miguel MA, Peixoto RS, Rosado AS, Silva JT, Paschoalin VM.
Microbiological, technological and therapeutic properties of kefir: a natural probiotic beverage.
com) and homeschooling mother of two. Braz J Microbiol. 2013;44(2):341-349.
20. Berge AC, Baars T. Raw milk producers with high levels of hygiene and safety. Epidemiol
Infect. 2020;148:e14.
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