Page 45 - Fall2011

later in life can repair the damage. Protein- REFERENCES
deficient infants face a lifetime of being smaller, 1. USDA Nutrient Data Laboratory, Washington, D.C.; 2005.
Rose WC, Wixom RL, Lockhart HB, Lambert GF. The amino acid requirements of man.
2.
weaker, and less vital—physically, mentally and XV. The valine requirement; summary and final observations. J Biol Chem. 1955;217:987-
emotionally—than they need to be. 995.
Protein deficiency can also be lethal. 3. Recommended Dietary Allowance. Food and Nutrition Board. 18th rev. ed. ed. Washington
D.C.: National Academy of Sciences; 1974.
Children studied in hunger-torn Bangladesh in 4. Lupton JR. Dietary Reference Intakes: Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fatty Acids, Choles-
1970-71 who were protein-deficient had a death terol, Protein, and Amino Acids - Part 1. Vol 25. Washington D.C.: Institute of Medicine
of the National Academies; 2002.
rate four and one-half times higher than better- 5. Cuaron JA, Chapple RP, Easter RA. Nitrogen metabolism of gravid and nongravid female
nourished children in the same locality. Increases swine fed every third day. J Anim Sci. 1983;56:96-100.
in protein can make a dramatic difference in the 6. Kummerow FA. Nutrition imbalance and angiotoxins as dietary risk factors in coronary
heart disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 1979;32:58-83.
average physical development in whole popula- 7. Kokatnur MG, Kummerow FA. Amino acid imbalance and cholesterol levels in chicks.
tions. In Japan, over the period 1900-1955 when 8. J Nutr. 1961;75:319-329.
Greene CM, Zern TL, Wood RJ, et al. Maintenance of the LDL cholesterol:HDL cholesterol
the national consumption of animal protein was ratio in an elderly population given a dietary cholesterol challenge. J Nutr. 2005;135:2793-
increasing, sons grew two inches taller than their 2798.
fathers, and daughters matured two years earlier 9. Herron KL, Fernandez ML. Are the current dietary guidelines regarding egg consumption
appropriate? J Nutr. 2004;134:187-190.
than their mothers. 6 10. Knopp RH, Retzlaff BM, Walden CE, et al. A double-blind, randomized, controlled trial
of the effects of two eggs per day in moderately hypercholesterolemic and combined
hyperlipidemic subjects taught the NCEP step I diet. J Am Coll Nutr. 1997;16:551-561.
PROTEIN AND HEART DISEASE 11. Vorster HH, Benade AJ, Barnard HC, et al. Egg intake does not change plasma lipoprotein
Protein is not only important for growth, but and coagulation profiles. Am J Clin Nutr. 1992;55:400-410.
also for the prevention of heart disease. Protein 12. Hu FB, Stampfer MJ, Rimm EB, et al. A prospective study of egg consumption and risk
of cardiovascular disease in men and women. JAMA. 1999;281:1387-1394.
carries fat throughout the body. If it is deficient, 13. Flynn MA, Nolph GB, Flynn TC, Kahrs R, Krause G. Effect of dietary egg on human
serum cholesterol and triglycerides. Am J Clin Nutr. 1979;32:1051-1057.
then fat gets deposited on the body, rather than 14. Flynn MA, Nolph GB, Osio Y, et al. Serum lipids and eggs. J Am Diet Assoc. 1986;86:1541-
whisked through it. However, if there is too much 1548.
fat, even the protein cannot handle it and it still 15. Dawber TR, Nickerson RJ, Brand FN, Pool J. Eggs, serum cholesterol, and coronary heart
disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 1982;36:617-625.
gets deposited. It’s been shown that people in 16. Lappe FM. Diet for a Small Planet. New York, NY: Ballantine Books; 1971.
lower income brackets even in industrialized 17. Navidi MK, Kummerow FA. Nutritional value of Egg Beaters compared with "farm fresh
eggs". Pediatrics. 1974;53:565-566.
nations have more heart disease than those in 18. Kummerow FA. Optimum nutrition through better planning of world agriculture. World
higher brackets; this may be due to the former Rev Nutr Diet. 1985;45:1-41.
eating less protein in relationship to the amount 19. CIA. The CIA's World Factbook; April 25, 2007.
20. Valdes C. Brazil Emerges as Major Force in Global Meat Market. Amber Waves; 2006:2.
of fat consumed. 21. Kokatnur M, Rand NT, Kummerow FA. Effect of the energy to protein ratio on serum
and carcass cholesterol levels in chicks. Circ Res. 1958;6:424-431.
Fred Kummerow, PhD, is the author of almost 22. Rand NT, Scott HM, Kummerow FA. Dietary Fat in the Nutrition of the Growing Chick.
Poult Sci. 1958;37:1075-1085.
four hundred scientific papers in peer review 23. Kummerow FA, Ueno A, Nishida T, Kokatnur M. Unsaturated Fatty Acids and Plasma
journals, many focusing on the dangers of trans Lipids. Am J Clin Nutr. 1960;8:62-67.
fatty acids. In 2010, the 94-year-old University of
Illinois veterinary biosciences professor emeri-
tus filed a petition with the FDA to ban trans fats.
He still conducts research at the Burnsides Labo-
ratory at the University of Illinois. This article
is a condensed version of a chapter in his book,
Cholesterol Won't Kill You But Trans Fats Could.

Wise Traditions FALL 2011 FALL 2011 Wise Traditions 45

82725_WAPF_Txt.indd 45 9/20/11 10:29 AM