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tler herbs, and they are becoming increasingly REFERENCES
available in natural foods stores. Herb Pharm, 1. Agnes, Michael. Webster’s New World Dictionary. New York, NY: Pocket, 2003
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Mills S, Bone K. Principles and Practice of Phytotherapy. 2000. London: Churchill Livingstone
Wise Woman Herbals, Avena Botanicals and 3. Hoffmann, David. Medical Herbalism: the Science and Practice of Herbal Medicine. Rochester, VT:
Urban Moonshine all offer organically certified 4. Healing Arts, 2003
McDonald, Jim. “Blessed Bitters.” Herbcraft.org. Jim McDonald. Accessed from <www.herbcraft.
bitters blends in convenient, transportable sizes. 5. org/bitters.pdf> on 6 July 2010
Green, James. The Male Herbal: the Definitive Health Care Book for Men & Boys. Berkeley, CA:
Most local herbalists and small scale herbal com- Crossing, 2007
panies will also offer a bitters blend. Please visit 6. Yarnell, Eric. Phytochemistry and Pharmacy for Practitioners of Botanical Medicine. Wenatchee,
WA: Healing Mountain Publishing, Inc. 2003
the websites listed below for specific product 7. Mueller M, Hoon M, Erlenbach I, Chandrashekar J, et al. “The receptors and coding logic for bitter
information. 8. taste.” Nature, 2005 Mar 10;434(7030):225-9
Behrens M and Meyerhof W. “Bitter taste receptors and human bitter taste perception.” Cell. Mol. Life
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9. Wang X, Thomas S and Zhang J. “Relaxation of selective constraint and loss of function in the evolu-
Danielle Charles-Davies is a clinically trained tion of human bitter taste receptor genes.” Human Molecular Genetics 2004 13(21):2671-2678
herbalist and free-lance writer living in Central 10. Torregrossa A and Dearing M. “Nutritional toxicology of mammals: regulated intake of plant second-
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Vermont, where she runs an herbal practice ad- 11. Waler JM. “The Bitter Remedy.” The European Journal of Herbal Medicine. 6(2):28-33
vising people on the traditional uses of herbs and 12. Marieb E. Human Anatomy and Physiology: Sixth ed. San Francisco, CA: Pearson Benjamin Cum-
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healing foods. Danielle also writes a blog, The 13. Esplugues JV, et al. “Inhibition of gastric acid secretion by stress: A protective reflex mediated by
cerebral nitric oxide.” Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1996 December 10; 93(25): 14839–14844
Teacup Chronicles (http://theteacupchronicles. 14. Bone K. A Clinical Guide to Blending Liquid Herbs. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier, 2003
wordpress.com/), where she shares all manner 15. Bergner P. “Gastrointestinal: Leaky gut, molecular mimicry, microchimerism, and autoimmunity.”
Medical Herbalism 9(4):14-17
of information about herbs, nutrition and health. 16. “TheDrinkShop.com : The History of Apéritifs and Bitters.” TheDrinkShop.com. Accessed 11 Aug.
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(dot) com.
BITTERS PRODUCTS AVAILABLE COMMERCIALLy
AVENA BOTANICALS (www.avenabotanicals.com)
Ingredients: Gentian root (Gentiana lutea), Burdock root (Arctium lappa), Blessed thistle leaves (Cnicus benedictus),
Licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra), Ginger root (Zingiber officinale)
HERB PHARM (www.herb-pharm.com)
Ingredients: Angelica root (Angelica archangelica), Hyssop leaf and flower (Hyssopus officinalis), Juniper berry (Junipe-
rus communis), Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum), Ginger (Zingiber officinale), Gentian (Gentiana lutea), Anise seed
(Pimpinella anisum), Cinnamon (Cinnamomum aromaticum), Myrrh (Commiphora molmol), Peppermint essential oil
(Mentha piperita)
MARIA TREBEN’S AUTHENTIC SWEDISH BITTERS (www.swedishbitters.com)
Ingredients: Aloe, Myrrh, Saffron, Senna Leaves, Camphor, Rhubarb Roots, Zedvoary Roots, Manna, Theriac Venezian,
Carline Thistle Roots and Angelica Roots in a base of purified water
SWEDISH BITTERS (www.florahealth.com)
Ingredients: Aloe (Aloe vera), Angelica root (Angelica archangelica), Manna (Fraxinus ornus), Rhubarb root (Rheum palma-
tum), Senna leaf (Senna alexandrina), Zedvoary root (Curcuma zedoaria), Theriac venezian (Pimpinella saxifraga), Carline
thistle root (Carlina acaulis), Myrrh (Commiphora molmol), Camphor (Cinnamomum camphora), Saffron (Crocus sativus)
URBAN MOONSHINE (www.urbanmoonshine.com)
Ingredients: Dandelion Root and Leaf (Taraxacum officinale), Angelica Root (Angelica archangelica), Burdock Root (Arc-
tium lappa), yellow Dock Root (Rumex crispus), Gentian Root (Gentiana lutea), Orange Peel (Citrus aurantium), Fennel
Seed (Foeniculum vulgare), Ginger Root (Zingiber officinale), Gum Arabic and Organic Essential Oils
WISE WOMAN HERBALS (www.wisewomanherbals.com)
Ingredients: Dandelion root (Taraxacum officinale), Gentian (Gentiana lutea), Elecampane (Inula helenium), Fennel (Foe-
niculum vulgare), Ginger (Zingiber officinale), Turmeric (Curcuma longa), Slippery elm (Ulmus rubra), Fennel essential
oil (Foeniculum vulgare)
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