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may also feature fluoride, aluminum, cadmium,  and infant constipation demonstrated by the   Fully half
            glyphosate residues, hexane-extracted soybean  Turkish study is an important warning to
            oil and other toxic ingredients.  In addition to  mothers-to-be to get their microbial house in   of the
                                      13
            digestive distress, researchers have linked soy  order. Unfortunately, factors such as industri- constipated
            formula to seizures, autistic behavior and other  alized foods, birth control pills, antibiotics and   infants had
            neurological symptoms.                    glyphosate can make this extremely challeng-
                                14
                                                      ing. A new study from Finland (in the Journal   constipated
            LIKE MOTHER, LIKE BABY?                   of Hazardous Materials, no less) reports that 54  mothers.
               A study conducted in rural Turkey, pub-  percent “of around 101 species of bacteria com-
            lished in late 2019, found that half the number  monly found in our guts could be damaged or
            of infants whose first food was breast milk  killed if exposed to glyphosate in high enough
            suffered from constipation compared to non-  quantities.” 17,18
            breastfed  infants  (15.4  percent  versus  32.1
            percent).  Twenty-one percent of the constipated  HOMEMADE FORMULA:
                   5
            infants defecated twice or fewer times per week,  TROUBLESHOOTING CONSTIPATION
            and 5 percent “had stools that were like goat   When breastfeeding is not possible (for
            droppings.” Interestingly, sales of breast milk  whatever reason), feeding baby one of the two
            “substitutes” have skyrocketed in Turkey in  types of nutrient-dense homemade formulas rec-
            recent years, growing by 72 percent between  ommended by the Weston A. Price Foundation is
            2008 and 2013.                            by far the best option (see sidebar below). Many
                        15
               In addition to a decline in breastfeeding,  families report considerable success giving their
            factors that increased the Turkish infants’ risk of  young ones either the raw milk formula or the
            constipation included starting on supplementary  liver-based formula. 19
            foods before the age of six months, being mildly   However, some parents who turn to the
            or fully obese (a likely proxy for a diet high in  raw milk formula report that their babies be-
            processed junk foods) and having a mother who  come constipated. For a constipated infant, the
            also suffered from constipation.  In fact, fully  first explanation to consider is dehydration.
                                       5
            half of the constipated infants had constipated  Campbell-McBride instructs parents to care-
            mothers, and the presence of constipation in  fully monitor baby’s urine, making sure it is
            the mother was statistically significant at the  pale yellow; dark yellow (or even brown) urine
            p<0.0001 level, reflecting a 4.7-fold increased  is a sure sign of dehydration. In addition, the
            risk.                                     baby should be producing normal amounts of
               Dr. Natasha Campbell-McBride, author of  urine—as indicated by a diaper that is full of
            Gut and Psychology Syndrome,  observes that  urine and requires changing after a feeding.
                                      16
            constipation is “always a sign of deficient gut  The AskDrSears website describes the colon as
            flora.” In her estimation, the majority of babies  the body’s “fluid regulator” and points out that
            in the modern world have an imbalanced gut  dehydration can cause the stools to harden and
            microbiome. Thus the link between maternal  become “water-deprived.” 20


                                                 HOMEMADE INFANT FORMULA
                 Breast milk from a healthy mother is usually the best food for baby. However, the quality of a mother’s milk depends
             on her own diet. Lactating women’s diets should include plentiful animal products and fats, pastured eggs, liver, bone
             broths, high-quality raw dairy and cod liver oil.

                 In situations where breastfeeding is difficult or impossible, or if baby is not gaining weight on breast milk or seems
             always hungry, the Weston A. Price Foundation recommends homemade rather than commercial formula. The foun-
             dation’s website provides detailed recipes and instructions for making raw milk baby formula and liver-based formula
             (westonaprice.org/health-topics/childrens-health/formula-homemade-baby-formula/). Both recipes incorporate a variety
             of nutrient-dense ingredients, including whole-fat raw milk from pastured cows (for the raw milk formula) and liver and
             homemade broth (for the liver-based formula), along with cod liver oil, coconut oil, Bifidobacterium infantis and other
             components designed to mimic the nutrient profile of mother’s milk as closely as possible.

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