Page 28 - Summer2015
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That Wakefield            Potential links between MMR and autism  gut barrier.  I have personally investigated
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          was aware of        are probably the second-most common general  potential links between autism and MMR, which
                              perception about vaccine risk. Many people are  resulted in a paper published in 2012, based on
                  the link  aware of the “discredited” Lancet paper pub-  an analysis of the VAERS database.  At the time,
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                between       lished by Dr. Andrew Wakefield in 1998,  which  I was frustrated because I did not understand
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        autism and gut        proposed a link between the measles component  which ingredients in the MMR vaccine might
                              of MMR and gut disease in children with autism.  be toxic to the child’s brain, but I believe I now
        problems such  This paper engendered an intense investigation,  understand this much better, as will become clear
             a long time      which led to its retraction and a campaign to  later in this article.
       ago is stunning.       discredit its author through accusations of fraud.     Although it might seem a simple matter
                              Wakefield is a gastroenterologist, and therefore  to compare a vaccinated population with an
         The retraction  an expert on children with gastrointestinal dis-  unvaccinated one to see whether there are
            of his article    orders. Today it has become very clear that gut  differences in the incidence of various health
           led to a long      dysbiosis is strongly linked to autism, and, fur-  issues, this is difficult to do in practice, because
                              thermore, that gut dysbiosis is rapidly becoming  those who choose not to vaccinate are different
            delay in our  an epidemic.                                   from the general population in important ways.
           awareness of           That Wakefield was aware of the link  For example, parents often arrive at this decision

         this link which      between autism and gut problems such a long  after one of their children has suffered from
                              time ago is stunning, and what frustrates me is  a severe adverse reaction to a vaccine. This
            would have  the fact that the retraction of his paper has led to  likely means that the family’s genetic make-up
           helped us to       a long delay in our awareness of this link, which  predisposes them to increased risk to the very
               recognize      would have helped us to recognize better how  conditions that vaccines are linked to. On the
                              to treat or prevent autism. Despite his setback,  other hand, those who choose not to vaccinate
          better how to  Wakefield published a follow-on article providing  are probably also more likely to avoid other
       treat or prevent       a strong argument for how gut dysbiosis can lead  environmental  chemicals,  for  example,  to
                  autism.     to encephalopathy linked to autism through the  provide their children with an organic diet. This
                              release of excitatory peptides through the leaky  may bias the distribution towards a perceived risk


































                               FIGURE 1: Sales of hepatitis B (HB) vaccine every year in France; comparison with report of post-
                               vaccine MS to the national pharmacovigilance agency (ANSM) (1984-2010). Reproduced from Le
                               Houézec, 2015,  with permission.
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