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A teratogenic       even though vaccine package inserts routinely     Brazil is also the world’s second largest

        larvicide called      list encephalopathy (a general term describ-  grower of genetically modified (GM) crops after
                              ing abnormalities in the structure or function  the U.S. Roughly 90 percent of the country’s
           Pyriproxyfen       of the brain) as a known adverse reaction for  soybean and corn crops are GM. Many GM
               had been       almost every vaccine on the market (Table 1).  crops are “Roundup-ready,” which means that
          added to the        Interestingly, one of the U.S. states that makes  glyphosate (Roundup’s active ingredient) is
                              it hardest for residents to claim a vaccine  widely used. Because many weeds have devel-
                 drinking     exemption (Mississippi) has a notably higher  oped resistance to Roundup, Brazilian farms
                 water in     prevalence of microcephaly per ten thousand  increasingly use Roundup in conjunction with
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                  Brazil’s    live births (sixteen per ten thousand) than most  other toxic chemicals.  Brazil’s National Cancer
                              other states, where prevalence mostly ranges  Institute has conceded, along with the WHO,
           northeast in       from about one to six in ten thousand.  It seems  that glyphosate is carcinogenic,  and Brazil’s
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              2014 with       reasonable to ask, therefore, whether there is  public prosecutor called for a ban on glyphosate
            the express       an association between administration of Tdap  use in 2014. Glyphosate is clearly associated
                              during pregnancy and subsequent birth defects  with birth defects, including microcephaly.
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             purpose of       such as microcephaly—and to demand that the     In a horrible twist of irony, mosquito-borne
                  causing     potential risks be seriously evaluated.  diseases often provide an excuse for widespread
                                 Given Brazil’s outsized role as a global  use of larvicides. In February 2016, as the Zika
         malformations          exporter of chemically managed agricultural  drumbeat was growing louder, a group of Ar-
          in developing       products such as soybeans and sugar, Brazil-  gentine physicians pointed out that a teratogenic
           mosquitoes.        ian women have ample opportunity for expo-  larvicide called Pyriproxyfen had been added to
                              sure to pesticides and other chemicals during  the drinking water in Brazil’s northeast in 2014
                              pregnancy. Brazil is, in fact, the world’s larg-  with the express purpose of causing malforma-
                              est purchaser of herbicides, insecticides and  tions in developing mosquitoes.  The ensuing
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                              fungicides, including highly toxic products  malformations observed in babies could hardly
                              such as paraquat and methyl parathion, which  be a coincidence, the physicians’ report argued.
                              are banned in other countries for health rea-  The physicians rejected chemical control mea-
                              sons.  Industrial agriculture has particularly  sures as counterproductive for both the environ-
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                              “flourished” in the northeast, where scientists  ment and human health.
                              routinely find water canals contaminated with
                              pesticides and higher rates of cancer deaths in  “NO ALTERNATIVE EXPLANATIONS”?
                              farming towns.                               Notwithstanding the bland assurances of
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          TABLE 1. Encephalopathy-related adverse reactions listed by vaccine manufacturers

          TYPE OF VACCINE                     MANUFACTURER         ENCEPHALOPATHY-RELATED ADVERSE REACTIONS*

          M-M-R® II: Measles, mumps and rubella  Merck             Encephalitis, encephalopathy
          Recombivax HB®: Hepatitis B         Merck                Encephalitis
          Gardasil: Human papillomavirus      Merck                Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
          Varivax:  Varicella/chickenpox      Merck                Encephalitis
          Infanrix (DTaP): Pertussis, tetanus     GlaxoSmithKline    Encephalopathy
             and diphtheria
          Pentacel: DTaP, inactivated poliovirus   Sanofi Pasteur     Encephalopathy
             and Hib combo
          Flu vaccines
             -Flumist                         Medimmune            Vaccine-associated  encephalitis
             -Afluria                         Merck                Encephalopathy
             -Agriflu                         Novartis             Encephalomyelitis  and  transverse myelitis
             -Fluarix                         GlaxoSmithKline      Encephalomyelitis

          *Listed in package insert, or based on clinical studies or postmarketing experience
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